Abstract Background Interventional studies are intended to provide robust evidence. Yet poorly designed or conducted studies may bias research results and skew resulting evidence. While there have been advances in the assessment of risk of bias. it is unclear how to intervene against risks of bias during study design and conduct. https://bookmarksaifi.com/story19588345/a-systematic-review-of-the-interrelations-of-urban-form-and-mode-choice-in-african-cities