Abstract Salmonella utilizes type 3 secreted effector proteins to induce plasma membrane (PM) perturbations during invasion of host cells1. The effectors drive mobilization of host membranes to generate cell surface ruffles. followed by invagination and scission of the PM to generate Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs)2. Here. https://mabelandfoxs.shop/product-category/hat/